M-STEP Practice Questions (2026) — Free Sample Questions with Answers

13 free M-STEP questions from our 150-question bank, grouped by content domain. Each answer explains why the right option is right — and why every wrong option is wrong.

0 of 13 answered — answer a question to check it Take a full M-STEP practice test

Concepts and Procedures

Question 1

A class grew 9 seedlings in sunlight and 9 seedlings in shade. The dot plots show the heights of the seedlings after 3 weeks. Decide whether each statement is true or false.

Seedling Heights After 3 Weeks
Sunlight group345678910111213Shade group345678910111213Height (centimeters)
Each dot represents one seedling. Each group has 9 seedlings.
TrueFalse
The median height of the sunlight group is 4 centimeters greater than the median height of the shade group.
The two groups have the same mean absolute deviation.
The difference between the means is less than 2 times the mean absolute deviation of either group.
Every seedling in the sunlight group is taller than every seedling in the shade group.
Select one option in each row.
Show answer & explanation

Answer: The median height of the sunlight group is 4 centimeters greater than the median height of the shade group.: True; The two groups have the same mean absolute deviation.: True; The difference between the means is less than 2 times the mean absolute deviation of either group.: False; Every seedling in the sunlight group is taller than every seedling in the shade group.: False

Compare two populations by their centers (mean or median) and their spread (MAD), and express the difference of centers as a multiple of the MAD. Read the extremes carefully before claiming "every" value is greater.

Question 2

At Larkspur Lanes, shoe rental costs $4.50 and each game costs $3.75. A student has $25.00 to spend. Which inequality models the situation, where is the number of games, and what is the greatest number of games the student can bowl?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: D

; at most 4 games: Swaps the rates: the $4.50 shoe rental is paid once, and $3.75 is paid per game.

; at most 6 games: Leaves out the $4.50 shoe rental, so it allows one game too many.

; at least 6 games: Uses "≥". The student can spend no more than $25, so the total must be ≤ 25.

; at most 5 games: Correct. , so . Games come in whole numbers, so the greatest is 5 (cost $23.25); 6 games would cost $27.00.

Model "has $25 to spend" with ≤, put the one-time cost as the constant and the per-game cost as the coefficient, then round down because a partial game is not possible and rounding up would go over budget.

Question 3

The graph shows the proportional relationship between the weight of trail mix, in pounds, and its total cost, in dollars. What is the constant of proportionality, in dollars per pound?

Cost of Trail Mix
0123456036912151821242730(4, 18)Weight (pounds)Cost (dollars)
The graph is a straight line through the origin.
Enter your answer. You may enter a whole number, a decimal, a negative sign, or a fraction (a/b).
Show answer & explanation

Answer: 4.5 dollars per pound

  1. The constant of proportionality is for any point on the line other than (0, 0).
  2. Use the labelled point (4, 18): .
  3. Check with another plotted point: (2, 9) gives and (6, 27) gives . The point (1, 4.5) would be the unit rate. ✓

On a graph of y = kx, k is the y-value when x = 1, or y ÷ x at any point. Common traps: inverting the ratio ( pounds per dollar) or reading the y-coordinate 18 as k.

Communicating Reasoning

Question 4

A seventh grader claims, "If a price increases by 20% and then the new price decreases by 20%, the price ends up back where it started." Decide whether each statement about the claim is true or false.

TrueFalse
The claim is true for an original price of $50.
After both changes, the price is 96% of the original price.
Decreasing by 20% first and then increasing by 20% gives a different final price than increasing first.
The decrease is more dollars than the increase because it is 20% of a larger amount.
Select one option in each row.
Show answer & explanation

Answer: The claim is true for an original price of $50.: False; After both changes, the price is 96% of the original price.: True; Decreasing by 20% first and then increasing by 20% gives a different final price than increasing first.: False; The decrease is more dollars than the increase because it is 20% of a larger amount.: True

Percent changes multiply: a 20% increase is × 1.2 and a 20% decrease is × 0.8. Equal percents of different bases are different dollar amounts.

Question 5

A student claims, "If two rectangles have the same perimeter, then they must have the same area." Which pair of rectangles is a counterexample that shows the claim is false?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: A

2 cm by 8 cm and 4 cm by 6 cm: Correct. Both perimeters are 20 cm, but the areas are 16 cm² and 24 cm². Same perimeter with different areas disproves the claim.

3 cm by 5 cm and 5 cm by 3 cm: These are the same rectangle turned; the perimeters (16 cm) and areas (15 cm²) both match, so this agrees with the claim.

2 cm by 6 cm and 3 cm by 4 cm: The areas match (12 cm²) but the perimeters do not (16 cm and 14 cm). A counterexample needs the same perimeter.

1 cm by 9 cm and 3 cm by 3 cm: The perimeters are 20 cm and 12 cm, so the pair does not meet the "same perimeter" condition of the claim.

A counterexample must satisfy the "if" part of the claim (same perimeter) while failing the "then" part (same area).

Modeling and Data Analysis

Question 6

Fulton Middle School has 750 students. In a random sample of 50 students, 18 said they would ride a bus to a school event. Each bus holds 48 students. Based on the sample, what is the least number of buses the school should plan to reserve? Assume every student who said yes will ride.

Enter your answer. You may enter a whole number, a decimal, a negative sign, or a fraction (a/b).
Show answer & explanation

Answer: 6 buses

  1. Sample proportion: .
  2. Estimated riders: students.
  3. Buses: .
  4. 5 buses hold only 240 students, so the school needs 6 buses (288 seats).
  5. Check: 6 buses leave 18 empty seats, a reasonable margin for an estimate. ✓

Scale the sample proportion up to the population, then round up so that everyone has a seat. Dividing 750 by 48 plans for every student, not the estimated riders.

Reading

Question 7

Part A: Which inference about film archivists is best supported by the article?

Saving Films Before They Fade

1For the first half-century of moviemaking, most films were printed on a material called cellulose nitrate. Nitrate film was clear, strong, and flexible, and it produced images with a rich, silvery glow that many film historians still admire. It had one serious flaw, however: it was extremely flammable. Nitrate burns so fast and so hot that it can keep burning even underwater, because the film releases its own oxygen as it burns.

2Nitrate also does not last. Over time, the film slowly decays, especially when it is stored somewhere warm or damp. First the image fades and turns brownish. Then the film becomes sticky, then brittle, and finally it crumbles into powder. Once that happens, whatever images the film held are gone forever.

3Because of these dangers, the film industry switched to a less flammable "safety film" around 1950. By then, however, huge numbers of older films had already been lost. Some burned in vault fires. Many were simply thrown away, because studios saw old movies as having little value once they had finished showing in theaters. Historians believe that most American silent feature films no longer exist in any form.

4Today, film archives work to rescue what remains. When an archive receives a reel of nitrate film, workers inspect it to judge how far it has decayed. They move the reel into a cold, dry vault, since low temperatures and low humidity slow decay dramatically. While it waits there, the film is copied, onto modern film, as a high-resolution digital scan, or both, so that the images survive even if the original eventually crumbles.

5Copying is slow, careful work. A feature-length film can contain more than a hundred thousand individual frames, and damaged frames may need to be repaired one at a time. Even so, archivists say the effort is worth it. Old films preserve more than stories. They show how people dressed, spoke, traveled, and lived. A crowd scene filmed on a city street in 1915 may be the only moving record of that street as it once was.

6There is also a surprising source of hope. Every few years, a film thought to be lost turns up somewhere unexpected: in a private collection, in an archive in another country, or even, once, buried beneath a hockey rink in a small Canadian town. Each discovery is a reminder that a missing piece of history may still be waiting to be found, if it is found in time.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: B

They prefer nitrate film to modern film because of its silvery images.: Overgeneralizes paragraph 1: historians "admire" the glow, but archivists copy nitrate onto modern film to save it (paragraph 4).

They value old films partly as records of everyday life in the past.: Correct. After archivists say the effort "is worth it," the article explains that old films "show how people dressed, spoke, traveled, and lived" (paragraph 5).

They expect that most lost films will eventually be found again.: Overstates paragraph 6, which says only that a lost film turns up "every few years."

They plan for digital scans to replace original films completely.: Paragraph 4 says films are copied onto modern film, a scan, "or both," and originals are kept in cold vaults.

A supported inference goes only as far as the text allows; watch for choices that turn "some" or "every few years" into "most." On M-STEP this is one item worth 1 point; both parts must be correct.

Question 8

Part A: Which statement best describes how Marisol changes over the course of the story?

The Crossing on Mill Road

1Marisol had imagined the first warm rain of April a hundred different ways, and none of them involved standing in a ditch on Mill Road at nine o'clock at night, wearing her aunt's old reflective vest. The vest hung past her knees. It smelled like a garage.

2"Keep your headlamp on the red setting," Aunt Odette said, adjusting her own. "White light startles them."

3"Startles who?" Marisol asked, although she already knew. Her aunt had explained it twice in the car. On the first rainy nights of spring, when the air stayed above forty degrees, the spotted salamanders left the woods on the hill and crawled down to the pond on the far side of the road to lay their eggs. The road was in the way. Every year, volunteers counted them and carried them across.

4Every year, apparently, except the years Marisol had been busy, which until now had been all of them. Tonight was supposed to be Vera Santos's birthday sleepover. Marisol's phone, zipped into her pocket, kept buzzing with photos she was not looking at.

5"Them," Aunt Odette said, and pointed her red beam at the pavement.

6At first Marisol saw nothing but wet asphalt shining like a dark mirror. Then a piece of the road moved. It was a salamander, black and slick, with two rows of yellow spots running down its back like a line of tiny headlights. It was longer than her hand. It walked with a slow, swimming wiggle, as if the road were water it had not quite learned to cross.

7"Pick it up the way I showed you," her aunt said. "Wet hands. Scoop from underneath, never by the tail. And always carry it in the direction it was already going."

8Marisol dipped her hands into the bucket of rainwater they had brought and crouched. The salamander was cool and lighter than she expected, almost nothing at all. She walked it to the pond side and set it down in the leaves. It did not thank her. It did not even pause. It simply kept walking, as if she had been a brief and unimportant change in the weather.

9"One," Aunt Odette said, making a mark on the clipboard she kept dry under her raincoat. "Spotted, adult, crossing toward the pond."

10"That's it?" Marisol said. "We just write down one?"

11"We write down every one. That's the whole job."

12For the next hour the job was mostly waiting. Rain dripped from the edge of Marisol's hood onto her nose. Her knees ached from crouching. Twice a car came around the bend, and both times her aunt stepped onto the shoulder and swung her flashlight in slow arcs until the driver slowed down. The second driver rolled down his window, listened to the explanation, and said, "Huh," in a voice that made Marisol's face burn. She was sure he thought they were ridiculous. She thought so, too.

13By ten o'clock the count was eleven salamanders, four wood frogs, and something small and quick that her aunt called a spring peeper before it vanished into the grass. Marisol had stopped checking her phone, mostly because her fingers were too cold to work the screen.

14"How many usually cross?" she asked.

15"On a good night, a few hundred along this stretch." Her aunt shrugged. "On a bad night, we mostly count the ones the cars got."

16Marisol looked down at the road and, for the first time, noticed the small dark shapes that were not moving. She had stepped past them all evening, thinking they were leaves. Her stomach tightened. She thought about the salamander she had carried, the way it had walked on without a pause, sure of where it was going. It had spent the whole winter underground on that hill, her aunt had said, and it might make this trip every spring for twenty years, if the trip let it.

17After that, Marisol stopped waiting for the salamanders to come to her. She walked the shoulder slowly, sweeping her red light from side to side the way her aunt did. She found one tucked against the curb, pointing the wrong way, and remembered the rule; she turned it gently back toward the pond and carried it there. She found two wood frogs hopping in the same direction, as if they had planned to travel together. When headlights appeared, she was the one who stepped out first, lifting her flashlight and moving it in long, patient arcs.

18Near midnight the rain thinned to a mist, and the crossing slowed. Aunt Odette held out the clipboard. "Do you want to total it?"

19Marisol counted the marks twice. Thirty-eight salamanders. Nineteen wood frogs. Three peepers. Below the totals was a line labeled Notes, and she thought for a moment before writing: Most crossings between 10:15 and 11:00. One salamander found near the curb facing the wrong way. Turned around.

20"Why does the wrong-way one matter?" her aunt asked, reading over her shoulder.

21"Because somebody next year might find more of them there," Marisol said. "Maybe the curb confuses them. Somebody should know."

22Her aunt didn't say anything, but she took the clipboard back very carefully, as if it had become heavier.

23In the car, with the heater roaring, Marisol finally unzipped her pocket. There were forty-two messages from the sleepover. She scrolled through pictures of pizza and a movie she had already seen, and she found that she did not mind having missed them as much as she had expected. She typed a reply to Vera, deleted it, and typed it again.

24Sorry I missed it, she wrote. I was helping some friends cross the road. Long story. I'll tell you tomorrow.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: A

She starts out thinking the count is pointless and ends up taking responsibility for doing it well.: Correct. Early on she thinks the volunteers look "ridiculous" and that she agrees (paragraph 12); by the end she steps out first to slow cars (paragraph 17) and writes careful notes for next year's volunteers (paragraphs 19–21).

She begins the night afraid to touch the salamanders and ends it confident enough to handle them on her own.: Marisol is never shown as afraid; she is only surprised that the salamander is "lighter than she expected" (paragraph 8). Her change is in attitude, not fear.

She begins the night annoyed with her aunt and ends it grateful that her aunt made her come along.: Overgeneralizes: her frustration is with the task and the missed sleepover, and the story never shows her thanking or forgiving her aunt.

She begins the night worried about her friends and ends it no longer caring what her friends think of her.: Overstated: in paragraphs 23–24 she still writes to Vera and plans to tell her the story, so she has not stopped caring about her friends.

To track a character's change, compare how the character thinks or acts near the beginning with how the same character acts near the end, and choose the answer supported at both points. On M-STEP this is one item worth 1 point; both parts must be correct.

Writing

Question 9

A student is checking sentence variety in a report about a museum trip. Which two sentences are complex sentences? Select two sentences.

Select all that apply.
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D, E

The museum opened early, and the line stretched around the block.: Compound: two independent clauses joined by ", and."

The museum opened early; the line still stretched around the block.: Compound: two independent clauses joined by a semicolon.

The museum, which opened early, had a long line, but we waited anyway.: Compound-complex: one dependent clause ("which opened early") plus two independent clauses joined by "but."

When the doors finally opened, the crowd hurried inside.: Correct. Complex: one dependent clause ("When the doors finally opened") and one independent clause.

The guide who led our tour had worked there for twenty years.: Correct. Complex: the dependent clause "who led our tour" sits inside one independent clause.

After lunch, we visited the dinosaur hall and the planetarium.: Simple: "After lunch" is a prepositional phrase, not a clause, and there is one subject and verb.

A complex sentence has exactly one independent clause and at least one dependent clause; add a second independent clause and it becomes compound-complex. A phrase has no subject-verb pair, so it does not make a clause.

Question 10

The student wants to add a sentence after sentence 7 that shows how Tomas feels without stating the feeling directly. Which sentence best does this?

A student is writing a story for a class anthology. The story is told only from Tomas's point of view. Read the draft and answer the questions that follow.

Student draft: The Fourth Try

(1) The lump of clay wobbled on the wheel like a top about to tip over. (2) Tomas pressed his palms against it and tried to remember what Ms. Okafor had said about keeping his elbows tucked in. (3) For a moment, the clay rose into a smooth, shining cone. (4) Then one side caved in, and the whole thing slumped into a gray puddle. (5) It was his fourth try that afternoon, and Rhea had watched every one. (6) Across the studio, Rhea trimmed a perfect bowl and was sure he would quit. (7) Tomas scraped the ruined clay into the bucket and dropped onto his stool. (8) "Maybe I'm just not a wheel person," he muttered.

(9) Ms. Okafor walked over and peered into the bucket. (10) "Four tries," she said. (11) "Do you know how many I made before my first bowl stood up?" (12) Tomas shook his head. (13) "Thirty-one," she said. (14) "I counted every one." (15) She slapped a fresh ball of clay onto the wheel and stepped back. (16) Tomas took a breath, tucked his elbows against his sides, and pressed down.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: C

Tomas felt very frustrated and sad about how his clay had turned out.: Names the feelings directly ("frustrated and sad"), which is telling rather than showing.

Tomas decided that he should go and ask his teacher for some help.: Changes the plot: in the draft Ms. Okafor comes to him (sentence 9), and it does not show a feeling.

His hands, still gray to the wrists, hung limp between his knees.: Correct. The image of limp, clay-covered hands shows his discouragement through a physical detail, without naming the feeling.

Tomas wiped his hands on his apron and reached for a sponge.: Shows an action, but a neutral one; cleaning up does not reveal how Tomas feels about the failed bowl.

"Show, don't tell": reveal a character's feeling through action, body language or sensory detail instead of naming the emotion.

Listening

Question 11

The speaker claims that light pollution is "one of the easiest kinds of pollution to fix." Which statement best evaluates the support for this claim?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: D

It is well supported, because the speaker gives exact figures showing how much money towns have saved.: Misstates the talk: the speaker says only that "some towns have also saved money," with no figures.

It is not supported at all, because the speaker never explains how the problem could be fixed.: Too harsh: the speaker does explain the fix (shielded, downward-pointing lights).

It is supported mainly by facts about migrating birds that travel at night and use the stars.: The bird facts support a different point (that light pollution causes harm), not the claim that it is easy to fix.

It is explained by how shielded lights work, but it lacks specific examples or data.: Correct. The speaker explains that shielded lights keep "the ground… just as bright, but the sky gets darker," which is relevant reasoning, but "Some towns" saved money is vague and no results are measured.

To evaluate support, ask two questions: is the evidence relevant to this exact claim, and is there enough of it? Reasoning without specific examples or data is relevant but limited.

Research

Question 12

Which statement best combines information from both sources to answer the research question?

Research question: How can a volcanic eruption affect Earth's climate?

Source 1: "Volcanoes and the Sky," Young Scientist Online

A large eruption can blast ash and gases more than ten miles into the air. One of these gases, sulfur dioxide, forms tiny droplets high in the atmosphere. The droplets spread around the world and reflect some sunlight back into space before it reaches the ground.

Source 2: "The Year After the Eruption," Science Weekly for Students

In 1991, Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in one of the largest eruptions of the twentieth century. Over the next two years, average temperatures around the world dropped by about one degree Fahrenheit. Temperatures then returned to normal.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: D

A large eruption can send ash and gases more than ten miles up into the air above the volcano.: Uses only Source 1, and it describes the eruption rather than its effect on climate.

Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, and world temperatures dropped by about one degree over two years.: Uses only Source 2; it gives the effect without the cause, so it does not combine the sources.

Volcanic ash traps heat near the ground, which is why temperatures rose after Mount Pinatubo erupted.: Misstates both sources: Source 1 says droplets reflect sunlight, and Source 2 says temperatures dropped.

Sulfur droplets from big eruptions reflect sunlight, which helps explain the cooling after Pinatubo.: Correct. It joins the cause from Source 1 (droplets reflect sunlight) with the example and effect from Source 2 (about two years of cooling after Pinatubo).

To integrate sources, connect what each one contributes (here, a cause from one and an example from the other) without changing either source's meaning.

Question 13

A student wants to use the second sentence of the source in a report. Which sentence best paraphrases it without plagiarizing?

Source: "The Long Flight South," by Paulina Reyes, Northern Prairie Nature News

Monarch butterflies that hatch in late summer are different from their parents. Instead of breeding right away, they delay adulthood and fly as far as 3,000 miles to the mountains of central Mexico, where they spend the winter clustered on fir trees. In spring, they begin the trip north again.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: A

Late-summer monarchs put off breeding and fly up to 3,000 miles to spend the winter on fir trees in Mexico's mountains.: Correct. It keeps every fact (late-summer monarchs, delayed breeding, up to 3,000 miles, winter on fir trees in central Mexico's mountains) but uses new wording and sentence structure.

Instead of breeding right away, monarchs delay adulthood and fly as far as 3,000 miles to the mountains of central Mexico.: Copies the source's exact wording without quotation marks, which is plagiarism even though a few words are cut.

Monarchs breed as soon as they hatch and then fly to Mexico, where they rest on trees for the winter.: Changes the meaning: the source says late-summer monarchs delay breeding.

Monarch butterflies are beautiful insects that many people enjoy seeing in late summer.: Does not restate the sentence's information at all.

A paraphrase keeps the source's meaning but changes both the words and the sentence structure; copying a phrase word for word requires quotation marks.

Test yourself under exam conditions

Take the free M-STEP test and get a score report by domain.

The full M-STEP question bank is coming. Get an email when it launches.