A 9-year-old with a known peanut allergy and an emergency action plan arrives at the health office after lunch with hives, lip swelling and wheezing. What should the school nurse do first?
Show answer & explanation
Answer: C
Give an oral antihistamine and observe for 15 minutes: Antihistamines relieve hives but do not treat airway swelling or prevent progression; delaying epinephrine increases risk of death.
Call the parent to come and take the student for medical care: Waiting for the parent delays lifesaving treatment; parents are notified after emergency care begins.
Administer epinephrine by auto-injector into the thigh: Correct. Multisystem symptoms with respiratory involvement are anaphylaxis; IM epinephrine is first-line and should be given without delay, followed by calling 911.
Give the student's albuterol inhaler for the wheezing: Albuterol may ease bronchospasm but does not treat anaphylaxis; epinephrine must come first.
Anaphylaxis: epinephrine first (IM, anterolateral thigh), then call EMS, position, and give a second dose in 5-15 minutes if symptoms persist.