Which statement best describes the relationship between the two passages?
Passage 1: The Case for the Twelve-Hour Shift
1When our medical unit switched from three 8-hour shifts a day to two 12-hour shifts, I worried that tired nurses would make more mistakes. Two years later, as the unit's nurse manager, I am convinced the change has made our patients safer.
2Every shift change requires a handoff, the moment when one nurse passes a patient's care to the next. Details can be lost at each handoff, so cutting the number of handoffs from three a day to two removes one daily chance for a costly misunderstanding.
3The schedule also helps nurses recover. Working three long days a week leaves four days off, and our nurses tell me they come back to work rested and focused.
Passage 2: Counting the Hours
1Long shifts are popular with nurses, and it is easy to see why: fewer workdays mean fewer commutes and more time at home. Popularity, however, is not the same as safety.
2Alertness drops steadily the longer a person stays awake and on task. In surveys of hospital nurses, the odds of reporting an error were noticeably higher on shifts of 12 hours or more than on shifts of 8 hours. Nurses who worked long shifts were also more likely to report burnout.
3Hospitals need not abandon 12-hour shifts, but they should limit how many a nurse works in a row and protect breaks during each shift so that fatigue does not build from one day to the next.
Show answer & explanation
Answer: A
Both consider how shift length affects safety, but they reach different conclusions about 12-hour shifts.: Correct. Passage 1 argues that 12-hour shifts "made our patients safer," while Passage 2 reports higher error rates on long shifts and warns that "popularity ... is not the same as safety."
Both authors argue that hospitals should return to 8-hour shifts as soon as they can arrange it.: Wrong on both counts: Passage 1 favors 12-hour shifts, and Passage 2 says hospitals "need not abandon" them.
Passage 1 focuses on the cost of staffing, while Passage 2 focuses on what nurses prefer to work.: A distortion: Passage 1 never mentions cost, and Passage 2 mentions nurses' preferences only to set them aside in favor of safety.
Passage 2 offers survey research that confirms the experience the manager describes in Passage 1.: Opposite: the survey in Passage 2 links long shifts with more errors, which challenges rather than confirms Passage 1's claim.
To compare paired passages, first name the shared topic, then state each author's position on it. Many answer choices get one author right and the other wrong.