PANRE Practice Test 7
10 free PANRE practice questions in the real exam format, covering the official content areas, with an explanation for every answer.
PANRE Practice Test 7Tutor mode
Question 1 of 10
Renal SystemA 78-year-old woman is brought to the office by her son because of 3 days of vomiting and watery diarrhea with poor oral intake. She takes lisinopril for hypertension and has continued it during the illness. Temperature is 37.2°C (99.0°F), heart rate 104/min, respirations 16/min, blood pressure 98/58 mmHg supine, and oxygen saturation 97% on room air. Her mucous membranes are dry, and her blood pressure falls to 84/50 mmHg on standing. The bladder is not distended, and there is no rash. Laboratory results are shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
| Test | Result | Reference range |
|---|---|---|
| Blood urea nitrogen | 58 mg/dL | 7–20 mg/dL |
| Creatinine | 2.1 mg/dL (baseline 0.9) | 0.6–1.1 mg/dL |
| Sodium | 134 mEq/L | 136–145 mEq/L |
| Potassium | 5.2 mEq/L | 3.5–5.0 mEq/L |
| Bicarbonate | 20 mEq/L | 22–28 mEq/L |
| Urine specific gravity | 1.028 | 1.005–1.030 |
| Urine sodium | 9 mEq/L | — |
| Fractional excretion of sodium | 0.4% | — |
| Urine sediment | Occasional hyaline casts | — |